{"id":13977,"date":"2022-01-04T09:16:34","date_gmt":"2022-01-04T09:16:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/fi\/?page_id=13977"},"modified":"2024-11-14T14:01:32","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T14:01:32","slug":"emissions-research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/fi\/sovellukset\/teollisuuden-paastomittaus\/emissions-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Emissions Research"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Gasmet FTIR gas analyzers have been used for high-quality <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/\">emission<\/a>-related research already for more than a decade. Gasmet analyzers have been used to measure pollutants and greenhouse gases from e.g. waste incinerators and wastewater treatment plants as well as for catalyst research.<\/p>\n<h2>Waste Incineration<\/h2>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"height: 1092px; width: 86.7401%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 106px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 106px;\">\n<h4 class=\"p1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/dataset-on-flue-gas-composition-during-combustion-in-the-fluidised-bed-reactor-glycerol-combustion\/\">Dataset on flue gas composition during combustion in the fluidised<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/dataset-on-flue-gas-composition-during-combustion-in-the-fluidised-bed-reactor-glycerol-combustion\/\">bed reactor. Glycerol combustion<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 106px;\">\u017bukowski, W., &amp; Berkowicz, G<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 106px;\">2020<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 65px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 65px;\">\n<h4 class=\"p1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/emission-characteristics-for-co-combustion-of-leather-wastes-sewage-sludge-and-coal-in-a-laboratory-scale-entrained-flow-tube-furnace\/\">Emission characteristics for co-combustion of leather wastes, sewage sludge, and coal in a laboratory-scale entrained flow tube furnace.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 65px;\">Zhan, M., Sun, C., Chen, T., &amp; Li, X.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 65px;\">2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 121px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 121px;\">\n<h4 class=\"p1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/cenospheric-and-sand-fluidized-bed-as-an-environment-for-waste-rubber-combustion-comparisons-of-decomposition-dynamics-and-flue-gas-emission\/\">Cenospheric and sand fluidized bed as an environment for waste rubber combustion-comparisons of decomposition dynamics and flue gas emission.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 121px;\">Migas, P., Zukowski, W., Baron, J., &amp; Wrona, J.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 121px;\">2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 123px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 123px;\">\n<h4 class=\"nova-e-text nova-e-text--size-xxxl nova-e-text--family-sans-serif nova-e-text--spacing-l nova-e-text--color-grey-900 publication-details__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/data-on-species-and-concentration-of-the-main-gaseous-products-during-sludge-combustion-to-support-the-feasibility-of-using-sludge-as-a-flue-gas-denitration-agent-for-the-cement-industry\/\">Data on species and concentration of the main gaseous products during sludge combustion to support the feasibility of using sludge as a flue gas denitration agent for the cement industry.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 123px;\">Tang, Z., Fang, P., Xiao, X., Huang, J., Chen, X., Zhong, P., &#8230; &amp; Cen, C.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 123px;\">2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"nova-e-text nova-e-text--size-xxxl nova-e-text--family-sans-serif nova-e-text--spacing-l nova-e-text--color-grey-900 publication-details__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/hcl-removal-characteristics-of-calcium-hydroxide-at-the-dry-type-sorbent-reaction-accelerator-using-municipal-waste-incinerator-flue-gas-at-a-real-site\/\">HCl removal characteristics of calcium hydroxide at the dry-type sorbent reaction accelerator using municipal waste incinerator flue gas at a real site.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Kim, K. D., Jeon, S. M., Hasolli, N., Lee, K. S., Lee, J. R., Han, J. W., &#8230; &amp; Park, Y. O.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"nova-e-text nova-e-text--size-xxxl nova-e-text--family-sans-serif nova-e-text--spacing-l nova-e-text--color-grey-900 publication-details__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/emissions-from-sewage-sludge-pyrolysis-oil-and-gas-combustion-and-influence-of-zncl2-koh\/\">Emissions from sewage sludge pyrolysis oil and gas combustion and influence of ZnCl2\/KOH<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Chen, H., Chen, D., Wang, D., &amp; Hong, L.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2015<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"nova-e-text nova-e-text--size-xxxl nova-e-text--family-sans-serif nova-e-text--spacing-l nova-e-text--color-grey-900 publication-details__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/influences-of-activation-agent-impregnated-sewage-sludge-pyrolysis-on-emission-characteristics-of-volatile-combustion-and-de-nox-performance-of-activated-char\/\">Influences of activation agent impregnated sewage sludge pyrolysis on emission characteristics of volatile combustion and De-NOx performance of activated char.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Chen, H., Chen, D., &amp; Hong, L.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2015<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"nova-e-text nova-e-text--size-xxxl nova-e-text--family-sans-serif nova-e-text--spacing-l nova-e-text--color-grey-900 publication-details__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/incineration-of-municipal-sewage-sludge-in-a-fluidized-bed-reactor\/\">Incineration of municipal sewage sludge in a fluidized bed reactor.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Kowarska, B., Baron, J., Kandefer, S., &amp; Zukowski, W.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"nova-e-text nova-e-text--size-xxxl nova-e-text--family-sans-serif nova-e-text--spacing-l nova-e-text--color-grey-900 publication-details__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/experimental-study-of-hcl-emissions-and-removal-during-combustion-of-coal-mixed-and-diluted-with-sewage-sludge\/\">Experimental Study of HCl emissions and Removal During Combustion of Coal Mixed and Diluted with Sewage Sludge.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">CUI, H., ZHANG, C., XIA, J., &amp; CHEN, G.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2012<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"nova-e-text nova-e-text--size-xxxl nova-e-text--family-sans-serif nova-e-text--spacing-l nova-e-text--color-grey-900 publication-details__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/ftir-study-of-pyrolysis-products-evolving-from-typical-agricultural-residues\/\">FTIR study of pyrolysis products evolving from typical agricultural residues.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Fu, P., Hu, S., Xiang, J., Li, P., Huang, D., Jiang, L., &#8230; &amp; Zhang, J.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2010<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Waste Management<\/h2>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"height: 420px; width: 85.2162%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 106px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 106px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/main-performance-analysis-of-kitchen-waste-gasification-in-a-small-power-horizontal-plasma-jet-reactor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Main performance analysis of kitchen waste gasification in a small-power horizontal plasma jet reactor.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 106px;\">Li, H., Li, T., &amp; Wei, X.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 106px;\">2020<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 65px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 65px;\">\n<h4 class=\"p1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/evaluation-of-greenhouse-gas-emission-from-municipal-solid-waste-management-and-leachate-a-case-study-of-takhob-municipality-thailand\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emission from Municipal Solid Waste Management and Leachate: A Case Study of Takhob Municipality, Thailand.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 65px;\">Lertyingcharoenchai, W., Viriya, H., &amp; Kongritti, N.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 65px;\">2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"nova-e-text nova-e-text--size-xxxl nova-e-text--family-sans-serif nova-e-text--spacing-l nova-e-text--color-grey-900 publication-details__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/mechanical-physical-treatment-of-used-motor-oil-within-a-sustainable-waste-management-system\/\">Mechanical-physical treatment of used motor oil within a sustainable waste management system.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\u0110uki\u0107, V. N.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2015<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"nova-e-text nova-e-text--size-xxxl nova-e-text--family-sans-serif nova-e-text--spacing-l nova-e-text--color-grey-900 publication-details__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/biogasification-of-biowaste-and-sewage-sludge-measurement-of-biogas-quality\/\">Biogasification of biowaste and sewage sludge\u2013Measurement of biogas quality.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Kym\u00e4l\u00e4inen, M., L\u00e4hde, K., Arnold, M., Kurola, J. M., Romantschuk, M., &amp; Kautola, H<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2012<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Wastewater Treatment<\/h2>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"height: 411px; width: 83.9133%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 106px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 548px; height: 106px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/strategies-for-mitigating-nitrous-oxide-production-and-decreasing-the-carbon-footprint-of-a-full-scale-combined-nitrogen-and-phosphorus-removal-activated-sludge-system\/\">Strategies for mitigating nitrous oxide production and decreasing the carbon footprint of a full-scale combined nitrogen and phosphorus removal activated sludge system.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 547px; height: 106px;\">Zaborowska, E., Lu, X., &amp; Makinia, J.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51px; height: 106px;\">2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 65px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 548px; height: 65px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/development-of-an-extended-asm3-model-for-predicting-the-nitrous-oxide-emissions-in-a-full-scale-wastewater-treatment-plant\/\">Development of an extended ASM3 model for predicting the nitrous oxide emissions in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 547px; height: 65px;\">Blomberg, K., Kosse, P., Mikola, A., Kuokkanen, A., Fred, T., Heinonen, M., &#8230; &amp; Vahala, R<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51px; height: 65px;\">2018<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 90px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 548px; height: 90px;\">\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/nitrous-oxide-production-at-a-fully-covered-wastewater-treatment-plant-results-of-a-long-term-online-monitoring-campaign\/\">Nitrous oxide production at a fully covered wastewater treatment plant: results of a long-term online monitoring campaign.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 547px; height: 90px;\">Kosonen, H., Heinonen, M., Mikola, A., Haimi, H., Mulas, M., Corona, F., &amp; Vahala, R.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51px; height: 90px;\">2016<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 90px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 548px; height: 90px;\">\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/n2o-emissions-from-secondary-clarifiers-and-their-contribution-to-the-total-emissions-of-the-wwtp\/\">N2O emissions from secondary clarifiers and their contribution to the total emissions of the WWTP.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 547px; height: 90px;\">Mikola, A., Heinonen, M., Kosonen, H., Lepp\u00e4nen, M., Rantanen, P., &amp; Vahala, R.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51px; height: 90px;\">2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Coal and coke combustion<\/h2>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"height: 811px; width: 84.7112%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 106px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 106px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/effect-of-limestone-addition-on-no-emission-during-petroleum-coke-combustion-in-cfbb\/\">Effect of limestone addition on no emission during petroleum coke combustion in CFBB.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 106px;\">Liu, X., Luo, Z., Yang, X., Xie, G., Yu, Y., &amp; Yu, C.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 106px;\">2020<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 90px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/reburning-study-of-superfine-pulverized-coal-in-high-co2-concentration\/\">Reburning study of superfine pulverized coal in high CO2 concentration.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">Ma, J., Shen, J., Liu, J., Ma, Y., &amp; Jiang, X.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 90px;\">2018<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 90px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/effect-of-volatile-char-interaction-on-nitrogen-oxide-emission-during-combustion-of-blended-coal\/\">Effect of volatile-char interaction on nitrogen oxide emission during combustion of blended coal.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">Wang, C. A., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., &amp; Che, D.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 90px;\">2016<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 90px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/experimental-study-on-nitrogen-transformation-in-combustion-of-pulverized-semi-coke-preheated-in-a-circulating-fluidized-bed\/\">Experimental study on nitrogen transformation in combustion of pulverized semi-coke preheated in a circulating fluidized bed.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">Yao, Y., Zhu, J. G., &amp; Lu, Q. G.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 90px;\">2015<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 90px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/company\/gasmet-in-research-uusi\/emissions\/the-effect-of-limestone-on-so2-and-nox-emissions-of-pulverized-coal-combustion-preheated-by-circulating-fluidized-bed\/\">The effect of limestone on SO2 and NOx emissions of pulverized coal combustion preheated by circulating fluidized bed.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">Ouyang, Z., Zhu, J., Lu, Q., Yao, Y., &amp; Liu, J<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 90px;\">2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 90px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/investigation-on-the-no-reduction-with-coal-char-and-high-concentration-co-during-oxy-fuel-combustion\/\">Investigation on the NO reduction with coal char and high concentration CO during oxy-fuel combustion.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">Wang, C. A., Du, Y., &amp; Che, D.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 90px;\">2012<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 90px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/effect-of-air-distribution-on-aerodynamic-field-and-coal-combustion-in-an-arch-fired-furnace\/\">Effect of air distribution on aerodynamic field and coal combustion in an arch-fired furnace.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">Liu, R., Hui, S. E., Yu, Z., Zhou, Q., Xu, T., Zhao, Q., &amp; Tan, H.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 90px;\">2010<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 90px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/effect-of-freeboard-extension-on-co-combustion-of-coal-and-olive-cake-in-a-fluidized-bed-combustor\/\">Effect of freeboard extension on co-combustion of coal and olive cake in a fluidized bed combustor.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">Akpulat, O., Varol, M., &amp; Atimtay, A. T.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 90px;\">2010<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Biomass Combustion<\/h2>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"height: 795px; width: 84.7108%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 106px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 106px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/gaseous-pm2-5-mass-and-speciated-emission-factors-from-laboratory-chamber-peat-combustion\/\">Gaseous, PM2. 5 mass, and speciated emission factors from laboratory chamber peat combustion.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 106px;\">Watson, J. G., Cao, J., Chen, L. W. A., Wang, Q., Tian, J., Wang, X., &#8230; &amp; Chow, J. C.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 106px;\">2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/analysis-of-high-temperature-oxidation-of-wood-combustion-particles-using-tandem-dma-technique\/\">Analysis of high-temperature oxidation of wood combustion particles using tandem-DMA technique.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Lamberg, H., Sippula, O., Joutsensaari, J., Ihalainen, M., Tissari, J., L\u00e4hde, A., &amp; Jokiniemi, J.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2018<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/company\/gasmet-in-research-uusi\/emissions\/release-mechanism-of-fuel-n-into-nox-and-n2o-precursors-during-pyrolysis-of-rice-straw\/\">Release mechanism of fuel-N into NOx and N2O precursors during pyrolysis of rice straw.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Liu, X., Luo, Z., Yu, C., Jin, B., &amp; Tu, H.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2018<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/co-firing-of-pine-chips-with-turkish-lignites-in-750-kwth-circulating-fluidized-bed-combustion-system\/\">Co-firing of pine chips with Turkish lignites in 750 kWth circulating fluidized bed combustion system.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Atimtay, A. T., Kayahan, U., Unlu, A., Engin, B., Varol, M., Olgun, H., &amp; Atakul, H.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/no-emissions-and-combustion-efficiency-during-biomass-co-firing-and-air-staging\/\">NO emissions and combustion efficiency during biomass co-firing and air-staging.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Wang, Y., Wang, X., Hu, Z., Li, Y., Deng, S., Niu, B., &amp; Tan, H.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2015<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/nox-emission-reduction-by-staged-combustion-in-grate-combustion-of-biomass-fuels-and-fuel-mixtures\/\">NOx emission reduction by staged combustion in grate combustion of biomass fuels and fuel mixtures.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Houshfar, E., Skreiberg, \u00d8., Todorovi\u0107, D., Skreiberg, A., L\u00f8v\u00e5s, T., Jovovi\u0107, A., &amp; S\u00f8rum, L.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2012<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/fate-of-fuel-nitrogen-in-the-furnace-of-an-industrial-bubbling-fluidized-bed-boiler-during-combustion-of-biomass-fuel-mixtures\/\">Fate of fuel nitrogen in the furnace of an industrial bubbling fluidized bed boiler during combustion of biomass fuel mixtures.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Vainio, E., Brink, A., Hupa, M., Vesala, H., &amp; Kajolinna, T<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2012<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/determination-of-the-main-parameters-influencing-forest-fuel-combustion-dynamics\/\">Determination of the main parameters influencing forest fuel combustion dynamics.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Bartoli, P., Simeoni, A., Biteau, H., Torero, J. L., &amp; Santoni, P. A.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Domestic fuel combustion<\/h2>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"height: 312px; width: 85.0723%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 106px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 106px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/pollutant-emissions-from-improved-cookstoves-of-the-type-used-in-sub-saharan-africa\/\">Pollutant Emissions from Improved Cookstoves of the Type Used in Sub-Saharan Africa.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 106px;\">Mitchell, E. J. S., Ting, Y., Allan, J., Lea-Langton, A. R., Spracklen, D. V., McFiggans, G., &#8230; &amp; Jones, J. M.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 106px;\">2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 90px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/company\/gasmet-in-research-uusi\/emissions\/emission-factors-for-biofuels-and-coal-combustion-in-a-domestic-boiler-of-18-kw\/\">Emission Factors for Biofuels and Coal Combustion in a Domestic Boiler of 18 kW.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">Czaplicka, M., Cie\u015blik, E., Komosi\u0144ski, B., &amp; Rachwa\u0142, T.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 90px;\">2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 90px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/research-into-properties-of-dust-from-domestic-central-heating-boiler-fired-with-coal-and-solid-biofuels\/\">Research into properties of dust from domestic central heating boiler fired with coal and solid biofuels.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">Konieczy\u0144ski, J., Komosi\u0144ski, B., Cie\u015blik, E., Konieczny, T., Mathews, B., Rachwa\u0142, T., &amp; Rzo\u0144ca, G<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 90px;\">2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Catalysts<\/h2>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"height: 1184px; width: 85.1447%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 106px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 106px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/surface-properties-and-denitrification-performance-of-impurity-removed-rare-earth-concentrate\/\">Surface Properties and Denitrification Performance of Impurity-Removed Rare Earth Concentrate.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 106px;\">Zhang, K., Bai, Y., Gong, Z., Zhao, Z., Li, B., &amp; Wu, W.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 106px;\">2020<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"nova-e-text nova-e-text--size-xxxl nova-e-text--family-sans-serif nova-e-text--spacing-l nova-e-text--color-grey-900 publication-details__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/molybdenum-modified-montmonrillonite-clay-as-an-efficient-catalyst-for-low-temperature-nh3%e2%80%90scr\/\">Molybdenum modified Montmonrillonite clay as an efficient catalyst for low temperature NH3\u2010SCR.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Chen, D., Feng, J., Sun, J., Cen, C., Tian, S., Yang, J., &amp; Xiong, Y.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2020<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/the-promotional-role-of-ni-in-fevo4-tio2-monolith-catalyst-for-selective-catalytic-reduction-of-nox-with-nh3\/\">The promotional role of Ni in FeVO4\/TiO2 monolith catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Wu, G., Feng, X., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Chen, Y., &amp; Dan, Y.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2018<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/novel-w-modified-snmnceox-catalyst-for-the-selective-catalytic-reduction-of-nox-with-nh3\/\">Novel W-modified SnMnCeOx catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Zhang, T., Qiu, F., Chang, H., Peng, Y., &amp; Li, J.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/improvement-in-activity-and-alkali-resistance-of-a-novel-v-ce-so4-2-ti-catalyst-for-selective-catalytic-reduction-of-no-with-nh3\/\">Improvement in activity and alkali resistance of a novel V-Ce (SO4) 2\/Ti catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Hu, W., Zhang, Y., Liu, S., Zheng, C., Gao, X., Nova, I., &amp; Tronconi, E.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/deactivation-mechanism-of-arsenic-and-resistance-effect-of-so42%e2%88%92-on-commercial-catalysts-for-selective-catalytic-reduction-of-nox-with-nh3\/\">Deactivation mechanism of arsenic and resistance effect of SO42\u2212 on commercial catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Hu, W., Gao, X., Deng, Y., Qu, R., Zheng, C., Zhu, X., &amp; Cen, K.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2016<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/ceria-promotion-on-the-potassium-resistance-of-mnox-tio2-scr-catalysts-an-experimental-and-dft-study\/\">Ceria promotion on the potassium resistance of MnOx\/TiO2 SCR catalysts: an experimental and DFT study.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Peng, Y., Li, J., Si, W., Li, X., Shi, W., Luo, J., &#8230; &amp; Hao, J.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2015<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/comparison-of-preparation-methods-for-ceria-catalyst-and-the-effect-of-surface-and-bulk-sulfates-on-its-activity-toward-nh3-scr\/\">Comparison of preparation methods for ceria catalyst and the effect of surface and bulk sulfates on its activity toward NH3-SCR.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Chang, H., Ma, L., Yang, S., Li, J., Chen, L., Wang, W., &amp; Hao, J.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/influence-of-calcination-temperature-on-fe-hbea-catalyst-for-the-selective-catalytic-reduction-of-nox-with-nh3\/\">Influence of calcination temperature on Fe\/HBEA catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Ma, L., Li, J., Arandiyan, H., Shi, W., Liu, C., &amp; Fu, L.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2012<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/propene-poisoning-on-three-typical-fe-zeolites-for-scr-of-no-x-with-nh3-from-mechanism-study-to-coating-modified-architecture\/\">Propene poisoning on three typical Fe-zeolites for SCR of NO x with NH3: From mechanism study to coating modified architecture.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Ma, L., Li, J., Cheng, Y., Lambert, C. K., &amp; Fu, L.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2012<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/effects-of-precursor-and-sulfation-on-oms-2-catalyst-for-oxidation-of-ethanol-and-acetaldehyde-at-low-temperatures\/\">Effects of precursor and sulfation on OMS-2 catalyst for oxidation of ethanol and acetaldehyde at low temperatures.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Wang, R., &amp; Li, J.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2010<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/origination-of-n2o-from-no-reduction-by-nh3-over-%ce%b2-mno2-and-%ce%b1mn2o3\/\">Origination of N2O from NO reduction by NH3 over \u03b2-MnO2 and \u03b1Mn2O3.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;\">Tang, X., Li, J., Sun, L., &amp; Hao, J.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%;\">2010<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Other<\/h2>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"height: 912px; width: 84.8555%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 106px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 106px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/chlorine-removal-from-mswi-fly-ash-by-thermal-treatment-effects-of-iron-aluminum-additives\/\">Chlorine removal from MSWI fly ash by thermal treatment: Effects of iron\/aluminum additives.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 106px;\">Zhao, K., Hu, Y., Tian, Y., Chen, D., &amp; Feng, Y.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 106px;\">2018<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 90px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/koh-activated-hydrochar-with-engineered-porosity-as-sustainable-adsorbent-for-volatile-organic-compounds\/\">KOH-activated hydrochar with engineered porosity as sustainable adsorbent for volatile organic compounds.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">Yu, X., Liu, S., Lin, G., Yang, Y., Zhang, S., Zhao, H., &#8230; &amp; Gao, X.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 90px;\">2020<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 114px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 114px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/study-of-perfluorocarbon-release-during-aluminum-production-in-vertical-stud-electrolytic-cells-with-self-baking-anode-in-between-anode-effects\/\">Study of Perfluorocarbon Release During Aluminum Production in Vertical-Stud Electrolytic Cells with Self-Baking Anode in Between Anode Effects.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 114px;\">Burkat, V. S., Zor\u2019ko, K. I., Bozhko, A. G., Spirin, A. V., Rebrik, I. I., &amp; Vasin, S. Y.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 114px;\">2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 114px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 114px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/so2-emission-measurement-with-the-european-standard-reference-method-en-14791-and-alternative-methods-observations-from-laboratory-and-field-studies\/\">SO2 emission measurement with the European standard reference method, EN 14791, and alternative methods\u2013observations from laboratory and field studies.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 114px;\">Pellikka, T., Kajolinna, T., &amp; Per\u00e4l\u00e4, M.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 114px;\">2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 90px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/ammonia-emission-from-co-2-capture-pilot-plant-using-aminoethylethanolamine\/\">Ammonia emission from CO 2 capture pilot plant using aminoethylethanolamine<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">Spietz, T., Chwo\u0142a, T., Kr\u00f3tki, A., Tatarczuk, A., Wi\u0119c\u0142aw-Solny, L., &amp; Wilk, A.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 90px;\">2018<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 66px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 66px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/pyridine-and-pyrrole-oxidation-under-oxy-fuel-conditions\/\">Pyridine and pyrrole oxidation under oxy-fuel conditions.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 66px;\">Wang, C. A., Du, Y., Jin, X., &amp; Che, D.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 66px;\">2016<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 114px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 114px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/effects-of-gas-staging-on-the-no-emission-during-o2-co2-combustion-with-high-oxygen-concentration-in-circulating-fluidized-bed\/\">Effects of gas staging on the NO emission during O2\/CO2 combustion with high oxygen concentration in circulating fluidized bed.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 114px;\">Mingxin, X., Shiyuan, L., Wei, L., &amp; Qinggang, L.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 114px;\">2015<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 66px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 66px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/latest-results-from-pfc-investigation-in-china\/\">Latest results from PFC investigation in China.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 66px;\">Wangxing, L., Xiping, C., Jianhong, Y., Changping, H., Yonggang, L., Defeng, L., &amp; Huifang, G.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 66px;\">2012<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 90px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">\n<h4 class=\"page-header first-page-header\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/applications\/emissions\/emissions-research\/ammonia-nh-3-emissions-during-drying-of-untreated-and-dewatered-biogas-digestate-in-a-hybrid-waste%e2%80%90heat-solar-dryer\/\">Ammonia (NH 3) emissions during drying of untreated and dewatered biogas digestate in a hybrid waste\u2010heat\/solar dryer.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 90px;\">Maurer, C., &amp; M\u00fcller, J.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 2.70822%; height: 90px;\">2012<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gasmet FTIR gas analyzers have been used for high-quality emission-related research already for more than a decade. Gasmet analyzers have been used to measure pollutants and greenhouse gases from e.g. waste incinerators and wastewater treatment plants as well as for catalyst research. Waste Incineration Dataset on flue gas composition during combustion in the fluidised bed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":15434,"parent":13675,"menu_order":36,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[433],"class_list":["post-13977","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-paastot"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Emissions Research - Gasmet.fi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gasmet.com\/fi\/sovellukset\/teollisuuden-paastomittaus\/emissions-research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fi_FI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Emissions Research - Gasmet.fi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gasmet FTIR gas analyzers have been used for high-quality emission-related research already for more than a decade. Gasmet analyzers have been used to measure pollutants and greenhouse gases from e.g. waste incinerators and wastewater treatment plants as well as for catalyst research. 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